The Death Of A Felon s Proper Reintegration Into Society

A practice that has been used in the United States of America since its conception, disenfranchisement allows for a state to remove the rights of a convicted criminal, more commonly a felon, upon release from the penitentiary. Most of the time these rights are limited to the right to bear arms, as well as the right to vote and run for public office, because they are considered dangerous criminals. For centuries now, the American people have justified this practice through the use of fearmongering. In fact, there is such a stigma against these criminals that most of them cannot find a job and subsequently fall back into the acts that got them incarcerated in the first place. Many people have speculated the reasons for the eventual relapse of behaviors, stating thing such as cultural backgrounds, issues stemming childhood, mental health, or that they are just the bad apples that every society has. The most likely reason, however, is that the current laws in effect do not allow for an e x-felon’s proper reintegration into society. To brief some sort of background on the practice of disenfranchisement, let me first begin by outlining a brief history. The practice of disenfranchisement is no new concept. Throughout history, beginning with Ancient Greece, people have been practicing a punishment known as a, â€Å"civil death† (ProCon.org) these criminals were labelled with, â€Å"the status of atimia [literally without honor]... This status carried the loss of many citizenship rights,Show MoreRelatedLife On The Outside : The Prison Odyssey Of Elaine Bartlett2279 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen wronged by the cruel and unusual punishments implemented by a society claiming to have a fair, balanced, and equal justice system. A fair and balanced justice system that convicts people who carries the right amount of drugs in weight to have a mandatory incarceration for a minimum of 15 years to life, yet those who commit murder or rape may receive a lesser sentence. There is also the issue of transitioning back into society after being incarcerated for so many years. Incarceration does notRead MoreSociological View on Deviance and Drug Use Essay8777 Words   |  36 Pagesas deviant. Human deviance is just as characteristic of society as is conformity. Every human group, no matter how consistent stable and well integrated, must somehow respond to such problems as drug use, mental illness, violence, theft, and sexual misconduct, as well as to other similarly difficult behaviors. Problems of deviance inevitably are defined as being a real or perceived threat to the basic core values of the society. For whatever reasons, some persons act, at times at least, inRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pagessense signifies pain; in the judicial sphere, it means suffering undergone, because of the action of society, to one who commits a crime. The very purpose or reason why society has to punish a criminal is to secure justice. The state has to protect its existence, assess what is right for the people based on moral principles, which vindicated. The giving of punishment, which is exercised by society, is the fulfillment of service and satisfaction of a duty to the people it protects. ï  ½ PENALTY- it is

The Understanding of Medicine of the Ancient Romans

In our world today, many of our medicine and medical treatments have been brought down from generation to generation, starting from cultures from several centruies ago, being passed down to our hospitals today. Some of our practices started from Ancient Rome.The understanding of medicine from the Ancient Romans evolved from the many â€Å"medical methods of the Greeks, the Etruscans, the Egyptians, the Persians, and other conquered peoples (Crystallinks, â€Å"Medicine and surgery†, Source 1).† They mainly received imports of medicine from other cultures that they adopted from. Ancient Roman’s based their medical practices on science along with their religious beliefs. This resulted in a system of effective treatments and transcendental practices. Not only did the Ancient Romans base their medical practices off of their sacred religion and their scientific theories, but they also incorporated it with superstition. A man named Tacltus, who was not only a historian , but a senator of the Roman Empire, spoke of Rome as a city where superstition interpreted everything, and said that Vespasian cured a blind man with his spittle, and paralyzed a limb by treading on it. (Canadian Anesthesists Society Journal Page 2, Journal Source 4) Roman physicians were strongly influenced by what the Greeks used to do, and would carry out a thorough physical exam of the patient. Many of their treatments were also influenced by Greek practices. Roman diagnosis and treatment of patients consistedShow MoreRelatedEt tu Penicillium?984 Words   |  4 PagesThe ancient Greeks and Romans are known for many things, their government, their leaders, and their great empires that our society draws many traditions from. One thing that our society most certainly has in common with these ancient peoples are our use of fungi for medicine and our knowledge about how certain fungi can be detrimental to our health. Dating back these people were believed to have already use mush rooms and molds as medicine, and also learned how deadly they could be. These greatRead MoreThe Importance Of Neoclassical Architecture In Europe1077 Words   |  5 Pagesusing many ancient Roman forums. Another advance was the scientific progression of medicine, and how legalising human dissections, improved the understanding of human anatomy which then enhanced health of the population. The advancement of neoclassical architecture during the Renaissance benefit the development of Europe. In the early 15th century, the style of the Renaissance architecture originated, and after spreading throughout Europe replaced the Medieval Gothic style. Many ancient Roman forumsRead MoreThe Great Differences Between Ancient Greece And Rome And Modern Life1200 Words   |  5 Pagesour computers, are we that different than many of the ancient societies that we have studied? No doubt there are great differences between ancient Greece and Rome and modern life in the US. But the needs of people to live well, create a social structure and advance as a people are all things that we share. Furthermore, the human emotions that drive discoveries and advancements have been consistent throughout time. Let’s take a look at ancient Greece and Rome and see how much we have in common. Let’sRead MoreHow Much Did Medicine and Treatment Progress (Change and Continuity) Between 1350 and 1750?1482 Words   |  6 PagesHow much did medicine and treatment progress (change and continuity) between 1350 and 1750? In medicine there were many things that changed and some that stayed the same between 1350 and 1750. Initially I will be looking at medicine and treatment in the Ancient World as a prelude to its importance during the Renaissance period, and also the influence it may have had in the Middle Ages. During Ancient times, cure and prevention of illness and disease were not very well developed – people wouldRead MoreGreek and Roman Influence in Psychology1694 Words   |  7 PagesGreek and Roman Influence in Psychology Virtually every branch of knowledge, as we know it today, came from particularly two powerful empires of the ancient past, which are the Greek and Roman Empire. Although there were other civilizations, such as the Arabs and the Mayans, that made progress in knowledge, especially mathematics, the Greeks and Romans have been more recognized for the development of other branches of knowledge. The Greeks and Romans have been known to be the promoters of the naturalRead More Greek and Roman Influence in Psychology Essays1681 Words   |  7 Pages Greek and Roman Influence in Psychology nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Virtually every branch of knowledge, as we know it today, came from particularly two powerful empires of the ancient past, which are the Greek and Roman Empire. Although there were other civilizations, such as the Arabs and the Mayans, that made progress in knowledge, especially mathematics, the Greeks and Romans have been more recognized for the development of other branches of knowledge. The Greeks and Romans have been knownRead MoreAncient And Medieval World Of Eurasia1678 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishment of these land and sea trade routes, began a cultural exchange between the east and west through the diffusion of goods, technology, medicine, and religion. The two most vital networks of trade in the ancient and medieval world of Eurasia were the Spice Routes and the Silk Road. The Spice routes were a network of sea routes running from the Greco-Roman world, through North Africa, to the subcontinent of India, and eventually to China and Southeast Asia. The commerce of this maritime routeRead MoreHow Did The Technology Of Roman Empire Impact It?1741 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Roman Empire started to gain strength. They broke treaties and conquered neighboring countries. They revised battle tactics, weapons, legions, but mostly technology to emerge as an undisputed leader of the Mediterranean. The Roman Empire was eager to find new ways, new technology, to help the empire grow beyond imaginable. Arches, military weapons, and basic technology were all created by the Empire. However, the question trying to be answered is, â€Å"How did the technology of Roman Empire impactRead MoreThe Civilization that Contributed the Most to the Develo pment of Medicine and Health in Ancient Times889 Words   |  4 PagesContributed the Most to the Development of Medicine and Health in Ancient Times All three of the civilisations named above have contributed immensely to the medicine we practice today and the things we do in modern life to keep healthy. Without any one of these, our understanding of the human body, medicine and health would be very primitive. Some people believe the Egyptians were the first of the three to help further our knowledge into medicine. This is purely because of the Read MoreImportant And Influential Historical Developments Was The Practice Of Surgery1385 Words   |  6 Pagessurprisingly competent job of treating the sick and injured. The knowledge we have today in regards to surgical techniques and tools is based on the discoveries of ancient pioneer surgeons and doctors dating back to the Egyptians and proceeding all the way through history until the late 19th century. The practice of medicine was fairly advanced in Ancient Egypt; the Egyptian physicians had a large and reliable reputation. The use of surgery evolved from a knowledge of the basic anatomy and embalming practices

Only God has the right to interfere with our genes Free Essays

Our genes are the sequence of DNA or genetic codes that determine our characteristics. So by changing our genetics we must be effectively changing our characteristics and ultimately ourselves. Is this simply medical care that is no different from taking everyday medicine like antibiotics? Or are we inauspiciously playing God and immorally defying nature in order to safeguard our species? In my opinion scientific progress is enabling lives to be saved and a loving God would not condemn this. We will write a custom essay sample on Only God has the right to interfere with our genes or any similar topic only for you Order Now A religious person may look at different aspects of genetic engineering and thus hold a different view. Genetic engineering in humans is the development or manipulation of genes used to prevent disease and disabilities. Genetic diseases are serious and affect a vast number of people. Diseases or ‘genetic disorders’ like Huntington’s, Sickle -cell anaemia, muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis can cause mental retardation, physical deformity or early death. Research into genes and genetic engineering can help prevent these problems and is surely ethical and not immoral. Most genetic research is based on germline therapy that enables genetic changes to the cells carrying the disorder from generation to generation. This means that permanent changes can be made in the person’s genetic code that prevents the transmission of these cells. So the person’s genes have been changed, they are not the exact same person they were in terms of the constitution of their cells and their potential child’s character has been altered. Does this mean God’s work in creating the person and their eventual children will have been undone? Surely if the genetic disorder has been reduced or removed then God’s work needed was rightly improved. More recent progress means that we can grow healthy cells to replace the malfunctioning ones and so cure disease in that person. This process involves creating stem cells. Either from embryos that were produced by IVF but not used, or from adult bone marrow or blood. The stem cells are kept alive so they can multiply and be transplanted into diseased cells to produce a cure. Stem cell research was banned In the UK because the Human Fertilisation and Embryology act said that the technology could only be used to treat infertility. I consider this an absurdity that this morally debateable technology was permitted to treat infertility but not to cure disease! Surely saving life is as important as creating it. This I think was realised by the government and in 2001 the research was permitted. So should this research be allowed or should stand idly by while people who could potentially be cured are suffering from the diseases and problems above and not uncommonly dying painful deaths. It is clear that I agree with the government’s decision, along with a number of non-religious and religious people for a number of reasons. It offers the prospect of cures for currently incurable diseases and gives those suffering a glimmer of hope. Non-religious people argue stem cell cloning would only use embryos until it was easier to use the adult cells. Genetic research is an integral part of medicine research and is bound to include some genetic engineering. All genetic research is closely monitored by the law and so will not directly oppose religious morals but also has vast potential benefits. There are many non-religious people who would counter argue that genetic engineering has too little information about the long term consequences. They say that it should not take place because the effects are irreversible. This means that should anything go wrong the damage would be permanent. Knowledge is power and people argue genetic engineering gives vast amounts of power to the scientists who could, they say, could act in a malevolent way to create scientifically produced human beings. This power is almost godly and is too excessive for the scientists to have. These scientific processes treat humans no different from commodities like plants. The research and advances could grow to the extent that they introduce the possibility of people having to be genetically screened before getting life insurance or even jobs. Then a Gattaca like situation becomes imminent where anyone likely to develop illness or dir young would be refused the insurance, the job and would be denied a range of opportunities. Although these arguments are perhaps extravagant they are possibilities and the potential of scientific progress could have inhumane consequences. Religions recognise that in the modern world they must deal with issues like genetic engineering and amongst them there are different views of weather we, as humans, have the right to interfere with our own genes. Christianity is not harmogenous and so within it there are different attitudes towards genetic engineering. It is mainly the more liberal protestant Christians who think that genetic engineering is a good thing and see the positive aspects like the potential curing of disease and the negative, which would be the potential creation of artificially produced ‘perfect humans’. There are religious reasons why these Christians support this scientific research and action. Jesus was a healer who showed that Christians should do what they can to heal and help healers and to cure disease. They believe that as humans we stewards on God’s earth and by discovering the genetic make up of humans in order to help improve human life is fulfilling this stewardship. They believe that this is no different from researching medicine that can improve human life and reduce suffering. Regarding the potential of this technology getting out have hand, these Christians believe that creating cells is very different from creating people. Creating people via science rather than through sex would be wrong because as it would be taking over ‘God’s creator of life role’, but creating cells is working with God. As far as â€Å"killing† embryos for the genetic research is concerned; an embryo is not considered human life until it is 14 days old (This is then the time limit set by the Human Fertilisation and embryology authority for genetic research. ). They also use some of the non-religious arguments to support genetic engineering. It is mainly the Roman Catholics who believe that that genetic engineering is okay under certain circumstances. As long as the technology is for work into curing diseases and does not use human embryos it is permissible. The reason they condemn the use of embryos is because they believe that life begins at conception, whether in a womb or a glass dish. Killing an embryo is killing a human life and is immoral and banned in the Decalogue. Some Christian are opposed to any kind of genetic research because they believe God has created the genetic make up of each human at the moment of conception and people have no right to interfere with God’s will. Genetic engineering means ‘playing’ God and by doing this we are defying him which is a terrible sin. They believe we are doing wrong by trying to create a perfect world, as only heaven is perfect. Many Christians believe that all humans should be living their â€Å"normal† lives† in accordance with ‘natural’ law (Aquinas) and that only God has the right to interfere with the natural genetic make up of all humans. They also feel that when creating artificially â€Å"perfect humans† we are not thinking about the people that are being produced. A scientifically created person will have no biological parents and many feel that what we are giving the child genetically, we are taking spiritually. These little ‘genetic miracles’ will be lacking in spirit. This idea is well portrayed in the film Gattaca. The Christians against genetic engineering would also use the non-religious arguments against it. Islam is another religion trying to decipher between where the lines are in ethics of medical issues such as genetic engineering. Islam is usually in agreement over issues like this however there are two different Muslim attitudes to Genetic engineering. Some Muslims believe that the genetic make up of all human’s has been established by God and so therefore human’s artificially altering genes would be and attempt to ‘play God’ which is absolutely an unacceptable sin, shirk the greatest Muslim sin. They also believe that using human embryos in research is abortion as they believe life begins at fertilisation and therefore do not agree with this kind of genetic research. They believe scientists who are trying to create life from stem cells are trying to play God a so this is also shirk. These Muslims also accept the non-religious arguments against genetic engineering. Other Muslims hold a similar view to Catholics, that genetic engineering is only good to an extent. As long as it is being to done in an effort to cure disease and not producing humans by scientific means. These Muslims support genetic engineering firstly because the Qu’ran and the Hadith teach that Muslims should do everything in their power to prevent diseases and improve human’s lives. In the way that some Christians believe in stewardship, these Muslims believe that humans should work as vice-gerents in hiding and supporting lives. This no different from researching medicine that will help improve lives and reduce suffering. These Muslims also believe there is a difference between creating cells and creating people and that creating cells is working with God. They also consider that embryos can be used for research up until they are 14 days old, this is when the human life begins according to teachings of the Shari’ah. It is very difficult to foresee if the potential good of genetic engineering and ‘interfering with genes’ outweighs the potential bad and whether it is ethical in it’s current state of research. I think that at the moment we have a very good idea of what the positive effects of ‘interfering with our genes’ would be. It could cure diseases and prevent them from being passed on to generation after generation. The negative effects are slightly unclear. Will we end up producing genetically modified â€Å"perfect humans† who are lacking in will and spirit through no fault of their own? Is producing humans without sex wrong even? Is it against the will of God? Personally I think that the these questions go unanswered by the critics of genetic engineering who do not have plausible enough arguments to stop the research into curing disease and saving human life. How to cite Only God has the right to interfere with our genes, Papers

Cash Budget free essay sample

There are several reasons why Cash Budget is so vital to the company. The purpose of statement of cash flow is to report cash receipts and cash payouts during a period. This includes separately identifying the cash flows related to operating, investing and financing activities. Information in this statement helps users how to obtain its cash, where does a company spend its cash and explains the change in the cash balance. Information about cash flow helps users decide whether a company has enough cash to pay its existing debts as they mature. External users want to assess a company’s ability to take advantage of new business opportunities. Internal users use cash flow to plan day-to-day operating activities and make long-term investment decisions. 4. There are five basic principles of cash management that a company can flow in order to improve its chances of having adequate cash. They are: 1. Increase of receivable of collections. We will write a custom essay sample on Cash Budget or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The more customers pay the more quickly company can use their funds to run the business or invest. 2. Keep inventory levels low. Inventory is costly to keep and storage in warehouses. Company needs to use techniques to reduce the inventory on hand thus conserving their cash. 3. Monitor payment of liabilities. Company needs to keep track of bills due and do not pay them early as well. The company needs also to take a discount on earlier pay bill and save some money. 4. Plan the timing of major expenditures. To make business grow company needs to make major expenditures. This procedure often requires help form outside investing. The company has to carefully consider the timing in operating cycle. 5. Invest idle cash. Cash on hands earns nothing. It’s important that company invests any excess cash.